We have a Google Drive collection of specialized resources, available here.

More generally, you could check these out:

What is Linguistics?

• Why Major in Linguistics? A nice page maintained by the Linguistic Society of America. It’s more focused on college students, so there’s a lot of information about career opportunities.
• What is Linguistics? A overview of linguistic areas and different linguistic schools of thought. Extra focus on sociolinguistics and psycholinguistics, and almost no NLP or computational linguistics.

General Linguistic Information

• Articles in the Domain of Linguistics A series of articles on many different topics meant for the average (nonlinguist) reader.
• Introduction to Linguistics Study Guide A brief technical overview of major linguistics subfields with practice problems. Focuses mainly on theoretical linguistics, although it does do a little pragmatics at the end. Very accessible and easy to read.

Syntax

• The Syntax of Natural Language Online textbook about syntax. It’s pretty good, although it tends to use a lot of jargon.
• Basic English Syntax Very good introduction to basic syntax. Most other textbooks have a habit of introducing concepts, using them, and finally telling you that they’re wrong two chapters later. This book doesn’t do that.
• Tutorial: An Introduction to Syntax A brief overview of major topics in syntax. It’s pretty easy to understand, and should give you the flavor of theoretical syntax.
• Syntactic Structures in Music A look at music through a syntactic lens. What grammar governs good music?

Computational Linguistics and Natural Language Processing

• Introduction to Syntax Directed Parsing A quick introduction on building a syntax parser, based on formal grammar.
• Foundations of Statistical Natural Language Processing A classic book introducing statistical NLP. It covers most of the statistics, linguistics, and information theory required, so there aren’t many prerequisites
• Introduction to Information Retrieval This book has more of a straight machine learning bend, but it still has useful information for NLP
• Introduction to the Theory of Computation Another book with more of a theoretical computer science bend. However, it has lots of information about regular languages and FSAs, which should prove useful if you do NLP or computational linguistics.